Notes for the Ionian Revolt Part 3 video

Daurises's reconquest of the Hellespontos progresses from south to north, from Dardanos towards Parion (Hdt 5.117) This implies that he didn't go north on the main road that connects the two regional capitals of the Persians (Sardis to Daskyleion), since then he would have started at Parion in the north instead. But he couldn't have taken the other established road going through the coast of the Troas either, since that region was only recaptured later by Hymaies (5.112). So I show him taking a middle road crossing several mountains north of Mt. Ida instead, but this is admittedly a bit strange.

The location of the first battle between the Karians and the Persians must be south of the Maiandros where the Marsyas flows into it. (5.118) This is the only entry point into the Marsyas river valley of the Karians, and the battle plan about crossing the Maiandros also implies that it must have happened here. But I'm not really convinced that the usually accepted location of Leukai Stelai ("White Pillars") is correct. 

The ambush on the road to Pedasa (5.121) must be about the Pedasa of the Halikarnassos peninsula, the road must be the one coming from Mylasa, the place suitable for the ambush are the hills north-east of Pedasa, and the unnamed cities of the Karians that the Persians are marching against must be places like Termera, Pedasa, Medmasos and Halikarnassos - the cities of the peninsula. It makes sense that this region is the core of the Karian revolt, where a couple of relatively large cities are concentrated in a small place. The road went from Labraunda to Mylasa (the inland capital of the Karians) and from there to Pedasa. Herodotus doesn't mention the fate of Mylasa, but given that the Persians were marching to Pedasa after the victory at Labraunda, it must have been recaptured on the way there. 

Modern historians seem confused about the location of "the battle of the Pedasa road", and some of them want to assign it to the Pidasa in the territory of Miletos, but that place is only founded after the Ionian revolt with colonists from the much larger Pedasa of the peninsula, as described in 6.20, and it wouldn't even be on a major road. There is a third town called Pedasos in this region around Idrias/Stratonikeia (Strabo 13.1.59) but that location makes no sense for the battle either, because the main cities of the Karians weren't in that direction. Modern historians like to assign not just this battle, but the large amount of tribute in the Athenian tribute lists to the Pidasa in Miletos's territory, instead of the Pedasa of the Hakikarnassos peninsula: but this attribution must be false too, since Hdt 6.20 shows the peninsular city founding the Milesian one just a few decades before the Athenian tribute payments, and the archaeological remains too show that the former was a large city, while the other one only a small fort.

Hymaies's route (unlike that of the Daurises) makes perfect sense, he must have went north to Daskyleion and from there to Kios. Then on his way to the Troad the road goes along the coast, and he must have passed through Parion, which Daurises left untouched, so I'm assuming Hymaias is the one who recaptured it, but Herodotus never mentions what happened to the city.

Hdt 5.108 has Histiaios travelling "to the sea-coast" from the royal court at Sousa. I interpret 'the sea coast' as referring to Ionia, and his journey then involves going along the Royal Road from Sousa to Sardis. But some academics interpret the sea coast as referring to the coast at Syria/Kilikia and then sailing to Ionia since travelling by ship is much faster. But this assumes that Ephesos fell to the Persians immediately after the destruction of Sardis, and that news of this reached the Persian king immediately, and the Persians would be confident enough to send him to a port that might be retaken or blocked by the Ionians by the time he gets there.

There are various theories about where exactly the Ionian fleet was deployed in the battle of Lade (north of the island, or south of it, or on a line starting east of the island stretching beyond Miletos), the column of ships must have been 5-10 kilometers long, so it's probably a misnomer to call it just the battle of Lade, as it must have spread well beyond the island. I show the fleet stretching from Lade to Miletos, which I think is the best fit for the long west-east alignment of the column described by Herodotos. 

The locations of Koila and Polikhne on Khios are just guesses, their exact locations are not known. Hdt 6.26 has Histiaios "conquering" all of Khios, which I assume means that he was able to extract tribute from the main city by raiding/blockading it from his base at Polichne.

Hdt 6.34 has the Persians recapturing "all the cities of the [Thracian] peninsula except Kardia" - my interpretation of this is that all the main cities of the Thracian Khersonesos except Kardia were on its southern coast and 6.33 has the Persians sacking all the cities "on their left" as stay sail into the Hellespontos, including those of the Khersonesos, then after retaking the Propontis, they sail out to finish off the rest of the Khersonesos, which then must be a reference to Kardia. 6.41 has the Persian fleet showing up at Tenedos, which scares Miltiades who is still at Kardia: I interpret this as the continuation of the narrative where 6.34 left off, which means that the Persian fleet must have stopped at Tenedos after sailing out of the Propontis, and before going for Kardia. But some people interpret this differently, because the manuscript at the 6.40 paragraph, which would connect the narrative of 6.33 to 6.41, is corrupted and its "2-3 years before" reference uninterpretable without some modification. Cornelius Nepos, for example, has Miltiades fleeing right after Darius's 513 BC Scythian expedition, placing the 6.41 episode 20 years earlier, and then Miltiades wouldn't even participate in the Ionian Revolt. But this contradicts Hdt 6.34 which has Miltiades ruling the Thracian peninsula up until its takeover at the end of the Ionian revolt in 493 BC. 

Archeologists can't seem to agree if Klazomenai was moved to the nearby island after the Persian defeat in 497 BC or 546 BC, but the fact that it was recaptured early in the Ionian Revolt, and without a navy, makes it necessary that the city is still on the mainland at this time, so I place the relocation after the Ionian Revolt.

Ampe, where the deported Milesians were settled, is impossible to locate, so I'm not showing the town. Hdt 6.20 would place it directly on the sea shore at the mouth of the Tigris river, but later history has Alexandria/Charax there. Some people identify it with Ahvaz, but that would put it deep inland and on the wrong river. Pliny 6.32.6 has Ampelome, a Milesion colony, but he lists it among Arabian locations not in Mesopotamia.

I placed Inykos next to Akragas for the following reasons: the Vibius Sequester calls it a Sikanian town (not Sikelian, hence not in the eastern half of Sicily) and places it on the Hypsas river. The Hypsas flows along the western side of the city of Akragas according to Polybios 9.27.3. This location is reinforced by the fact that the Kokalos myth usually connected with Kamikos is also regularly repeated with Inykos (Paus. 7.4.6, Charax from Steph.Byz.), suggesting that the two places are the same, or at least close. Kamikos is also a Sikanian town in the territory of Akragas (Hdt 7.170 and others) so Inykos should be there too. Of course this raises the question of why would the tyrant of Gela imprison Skythes in the territory of Akragas instead of in his own territory. There is no sign of an Akragas-Gela alliance at the time of Hippokrates, it only appears between Theron and Gelon. It would help explain the paradox if Skythes was a native of Inykos as in Aelian V.H. 8.17, but this is usually considered an error.